定语从句相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词,在从句中作定语
被定语从句修饰的词称之为先行词,先行词一般是名词和不定代词如:some,any,every和no与body,thing的合成词或all,none,any,some,that,those等代词
数词和人称代词也可以作先行词
引导定语从句的词都叫关系词
关系代词:who,whom,which,that,whose,as
关系副词:when,where,why
先行词是物且从句缺成分时:只用that不用which的情况
1.先行词被形容词最高级等修饰时
2.先行词为all, much, little, none ,few, one, something, anything等不定代词或者被不定代词修饰时
3.先行词即有人又有物时关系词只能用that
定语从句中,用which不用that的情况
1.在非限制性定语从句中只能用which
2.关系词前面有介词只能用which
whose 作关系词既指人又指物在从句中作定语
只能用as不能用which的情况:
当先行词被the same,such,so等词修饰时,只能用as不能用which。
as的固定搭配:As is known/believed to everybody,As we all know/believe
As 引导的从句可放句首,句中,句尾。which引导的从句只能放句尾
当先行词是the way关系词可用in which或省略
关系词when,where,why的用法
when指时间=in/at/on/during which
where指地点=in/at/from which
why指原因=for which
Tips代词/数词+of which/whom/whose+名词表示先行词的数与量
在限制性定语从句中关系代词作主语的宾语时可省略