对于专升本英语来说,动词是最难学的一个实词类别。纵观历届考试命题,有关动词的内容占的比例相当大,它常常与时态、语态、语境交际等诸方面揉合起来,进行综合测试。通过专升本考试试题,我们会发现常考的专升本英语“主打”动词有以下这些:
一. 表示“使/让······”概念的动词
这类动词常见的有:have, let, make, get, keep, drive, send, leave, force,
cause等.它们后边分别可跟不定式,分词,形容词、介词短语,名词等作宾语补足语。
例如:I felt sorry to have kept you waiting for me so long. 对不起,让你久等了。
The victory sent our spirits rising. 胜利使得我们情绪高涨。
二. 不定式做宾补,不定式符号可以省略的动词
常见的有: see, watch, hear, observe, feel, notice, listen to, look at等感官动词及表示使役概念的have, let, make等。这类词在变为被动语态时,其后不定式符号 to常补出。
例如:We are made to work far into the night. 我们被迫干活到深夜。
注:在这种结构中,watch,have,let一般不变为被动语态。
如: The boy was watched to come out。(误)
三. 不定式作宾语补足语其后内容省略而只保留不定式符号的动词
此类动词常见的有:refuse, want, intend, oblige, mean, expect,tell, hope, like, love, plan, try, prefer, wish等。
例如:-----Why did you cause the baby cry?
-----I didn't mean to.
四. 引导宾语从句用虚拟语气的动词
这类动词在引导宾语从句时常用:should+动词原形,should可以省略,常见的有:order, demend, suggest, insist, require, advise, decide, propose等。
例如:He ordered that we should do it at once. 他要求我们立即完成这项工作。
He advised we should do more speaking practice in order to improve our English. 他建议我们要想提高英语水平应练习说。
英语的真正提升,不是你多背了几个单词或者会多说一句话。所以,想要有质的进步还要良好的英文阅读习惯,虽然开始你可能很困难像看天书一样,坚持一个月,养成一个好习惯,变化就在不知不觉间。
五. 形式主动、意义被动的动词
常见的有:work, open, close, write, cut, look, teach, operate, run, keep, burn, last等。此类词的主语常为物。而且还常与表示特征、状况、行为、方式的副词well, easily, long等连用。
例如:The clothing sells well.
This kind of fruit can keep long.
六. 充当系动词的行为动词
这类动词不能单独构成动词词组,其后须带有表语(名词、形容词、副词、介词短语,不定式,V-ing,V-ed)构成系表结构,常见的有feel, sound, taste, look, smell, seem, appear, become, turn, grow, make, go, run, keep, stay, prove等。
例如:It sounded like a train that was going under my house.
听起来,象有火车在楼下飞驰而过。
Keep fit,study hard and wok well.
身体好,学习好,工作好。
七. 只接动名词作宾语的动词
此类动词常见的有: appreciate, advise, suggest, finish, consider, enjoy, imagine, mind, miss, practise, keep, delay, risk, excuse, resist, avoid, escape, admit, forgive, permit, require, prevent, pardon, allow等。
例如:I appreciate her devoting herself to the cause of education.
我非常钦佩她献身教育的精神。
Do you mind my asking a question?
我问你一个问题你不介意吧?
八. 既可接现在分词又可接过去分词作宾补的动词
此类动词常见的有:get, keep, have, leave, find, see, notice, hear等。
例如:He had the lights burning all night long.
Yesday Xiao Ming had his hair cut, I hardly recognized him.
九. 构成固定短语的“短语动词”
此类动词在英语中数量较大。如:
act as 充当;beleve in 相信;come across 遇见;deal with 处理; engage in 从事;blead to 导致;refer to 提到;send for 派人前往; cut in 插嘴;die out 灭绝;set off 出发;warm up 暖和起来;make fun of 取笑;make friends with与······交朋友; set fire on 点火;date back to 追溯到;get along with 与······相处;look forward to 期望;run out of 用光;do away with 废除。
例如:We must look into the matter immediately.
我们必须马上调查此事。
The old should learn form the young and keep up with the times.
老年人应向青年人学习,跟上时代发展的步伐。