虚拟语气(the subjunctive
mood),又称假设语气,是谓语动词的一种形式,表示说话人叙述的内容与事实相反,在现实中并不存在,或实现的可能性很小。今天库课李老师就给考生整理了河南专升本英语知识点总结虚拟语气,希望对考生有帮助。
NO.1
动词的语气
01陈述语气
陈述语气一般用来叙述事实或就事实提出询问,主要用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
· Where there is a will, there's a way.有志者事竟成。
· Can you help me carry the box upstairs你能帮我把箱子搬到楼上吗?
· How I missed the life in the countryside!我多么想念乡村的生活啊!
02祈使语气
祈使语气表示说话人向对方提出请求或下达命令。
· Come this way, please!请这边走。
· Don't make any noise, will you别吵,行吗?
· Do be careful when crossing the street.过马路时一定要小心。
03虚拟语气
虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
· If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。
· I wish it were spring all the year round.但愿四季如春。
· May good luck be yours!祝你好运!
NO.2
条件句中的虚拟语气
01真实条件句
真实条件句表示的假设是可能发生或实现的,主句和从句的谓语动词都要用陈述语气。
· If he doesn't come at 8, we won't wait for him.如果他八点不来,我们就不等他了。
· If a flood happened in the past, there was usually a great loss of life and property. 过去发生洪水的话,常有很大的生命和财产损失。
· We shall go there unless it rains tomorrow.如果明天不下雨,我们将去那里。
· I'll let you use my bike on condition that you keep it clean.如果你能保持车子干净,我就让你用我的自行车。
02非真实条件句
在含有非真实条件句的复合句中,主句和从句的谓语动词都要用虚拟语气,其构成有三种形式:
· 与现在事实相反 if条件句的谓语:were did· 主句的谓语:would (couldshouldmight) + do· 与过去事实相反 if条件句的谓语:had done· 主句的谓语:would(couldshouldmight) + have done· 与将来事实相反 if条件句的谓语:didwere· 主句的谓语:should do would (couldshouldmight) + do were to do