专升本英语语法的学习同专升本英语词汇一样重要,但是语法相比词汇还是更好掌握一些,今天库课小编给大家分享一下专升本英语语法的学习方法及一些知识点解析,有需要的考生可以参考学习。
一、英语语法结构(主+谓+宾、主+系+表)
1、主语:是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。在原始的简单句中,主语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词表示。
例如:
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)
We often speak English in class.(代词)
One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)
The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)
2、谓语(动词):谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下:
1.简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning.
2.复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caughta bad cold.
(2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are students.
在英语中一个简单句只能有一个谓语动词(知道为什么吗?),而且,我们平时学习的时态是针对谓语动词来说。如果以do为例,do,did,have done,will do,had done, is/am/are doing,was/were doing,would do。在简单句中,谓语动词和主语是句子的核心,是不可以随意删掉的。
3、宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
例如:
They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)
The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.(代词)
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词)
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)
4、表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be,become,get,look,grow, turn,seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词。
例如:
Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)
Is it yours?(代词)
The weather has turned cold.(形容词)
The speech is exciting.(分词)
Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)
二、对句子进行修饰和补充的定语和状语。
1、定语:修饰名词或代词的词为定语。定语可由以下成分表示:(在汉语里,定语可以翻译成……的)
Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分词)
There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名词)
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.(代词)
2、状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。
状语在高中是一个相对抽象的概念,在简单句中状语一般由副词充当,修饰动词和形容词为主,除此之外,介词短语在简单句中也喜欢扮演状语的作用,这个语法点主要存在于我们的语法填空和短文改错中。
三、特殊形式
1、主(多喝水)+ is great for your health.
I love 宾(踢足球).
My hobby is 表(玩电脑游戏).
I has bought a book(王先生写的).
我们发现,在上面的模型里,没有办法用一个单词进行描述,所以在演变的过程中,出来一个新的语法成分,叫做非谓语动词短语(to do,doing,done,注意done与did的区别)
2、只加不定式作宾语的动词:plan,demand,promise,help,prepare,decide,refuse,choose,wish/hope,expect,fail,pretend,manage,determine,beg,arrange,threaten,claim,hesitate,happen等。
3、只加动名词作宾语的动词:admit,avoid, consider,escape,imagine,mind,miss,practice,suggest, advise,allow, permit,risk,prevent,resist,deny, forbid,advocate,forgive,acknowledge,postpone, delay, fancy,recall,finish/complete,acknowledge等。
4、下面这些短语只能加doing作宾语:be addicted to,be accustomed to,get down to,lead to ,contribute to, devote oneself to,object to,look forward to,owing to,become/get/be used to,pay attention to等等。
5、既可以加to do,也可以加doing的动词,且意思很相近的动词:intend,attempt,continue,begin,start等。
6、接to do 和doing 作宾语意义差别很大的动词:mean, forget, try, go on等。
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)
Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)
He pretended not to see me.(不定式短语)
I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语)
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语)
The boy playing football(动名词短语) is my brother
The dog killed by a car(过去分词短语) is very fierce.
注意:非谓语动词短语作定语时,要放在修饰词的后面,形容词做定语时,放在修饰词的前面。
主(我们所需要的东西)+is +much knowledge I know 宾(Tom 什么时候回来)
My question is (是否我们需要好好学英语) I love a place(有很多鲜花和绿树的地方)
我们会发现,这时出现了一个句子来扮演成分的功能,所以也就有日后大家学习的宾语从句,主语从句,表语从句,定语从句相关概念了,而且我们知道在改错和语法填空里,这些都是高频考点。
库课网校2023年统招专升本网课课程已上线,每个课程前五节可以免费试听,有需要的考生可以到库课网校APP或者官网查看。